Last changed 10 February 2012; corrections 11 November 2017, 25 July 2018
Complex verbs were also listed in the December 1979 version.
December 1979
[with additions in square brackets]
Warlmanpa Verbs Roots
This list arranges Warlmanpa verb themes by conjugation, and within
each conjugation arranges themes alphabetically under each root. The
conjugations are numbered to show correspondences with the five
conjugations of Warlpiri as numbered in the Yuendumu dictionary [(Hale
1974)]. [The citation form is the IMPerative.]
Orthography also follows the Warlpiri conventions, with special use here of '2' to mark reduplication: wapurturl(2)-wanga stands for the pair wapurturl-wanga and wapurturl-wapurturl-wanga while the latter alone is represented as wapurturl-2-wanga-.
[There are 43 (monomorphemic) Warlmanpa verb roots.] The statistics of conjugation membership are:
conj | imperative | how many |
1a | wangka | 1 |
1b | -ngka /i— | 2 |
1c | -ka /C— | 2 |
1d | -rra | 2 |
2 | -ka /V— | 24 |
3 | -ngka /a,u— | 7 |
4 | -nyja | 1 |
5 | -nta | 4 + inceptives
|
In addition to the inflexional suffixes tabulated at the beginning of each conjugation list, there are these suffixes:
PAST HABITUAL | =
|
PAST + rra
|
IRREALIS | =
|
IMP + rla
|
(IMP = imperative) |
COUNTERFACTUAL | =
|
INF + kurla
|
(INF = infinitive) |
INCEPTIVE |
|
built on INF — see 5th conjugation
|
NOMIC | =
|
INF (with final i for a) + ni
|
and directionals (following verb word):
CENTRIFUGAL | =
|
in IMP: -pa
|
|
|
in PAST: final a for u
|
CENTRIPETAL | =
|
in IMP: -rti |
|
|
otherwise: -rni, -rnu (except pan-) (assimilates to preceding u)
|
Note that the most freely combing preverbs — such as yirrkin- 'comitative', pawarrayi- 'all' — are omitted from this list, and some preverbs retained here may be particles.
1st conjugation (7 roots)
| 1a | 1b | 1c | 1d |
| 'speak' | 'die' | 'go' | 'sit, be' |
IMP | wangka | palu(ng)ka | panka | karra |
PAST | wanganyu | palungu | panangu | kangu |
PRES
|
wanganya
|
palungunya
|
pannya
|
kanya
|
FUT
|
wanga(mi)
|
pali(mi)
|
pana(mi)
|
kami
|
POT
|
wangama
|
palima
|
panama
|
kama
|
INF
|
wanganja
|
palinja
|
panja
|
kanja
|
PRESENT CENTRIPETAL
|
|
pantinya
|
|
1a wangka
wangka talk
1b -ngka i-final stem
pali- 'die'
parti- rise , leave , start off
1c -ka consonant-final stem
pan-ka go
jin-ka burn , melt (trans, intrans)
1d -rra
-ja-rra become
ka-rra be
2nd conjugation (25 roots) -ka vowel-final stem
| 2
|
|
| 'put, place' | 'strike' |
IMP | yaka | paka(ka) |
PAST | yarnu | pakarnu |
PRES
|
yannya
|
pakanya
|
FUT
|
yanmi
|
pakan(mi)
|
POT
|
yanma
|
pakanma
|
INF
|
yanja
|
pakanja
|
nga-ka 1. tell 2. call someone something 3. scold
kinyja-ka wet
winyja-ka leave alone
paka-ka hit , chop
waka-ka climb
nguka-ka drink
la-ka hit with missile , shoot
yila-ka drip , leak , melt
karla-ka poke , spear
murla-ka copulate with
jama-ka grind (trans.)
nama-ka crush , weigh down , stomp on
kuma-ka cut
kipa-ka twist together
kupa-ka cook (trans.)
ngarta-ka trim
marta-ka have
lamarta-ka hold
ya-ka put
ngaya-ka void (as in lay an egg, give birth to, defecate, urinate)
-jiya-ka cook (trans.) (in some combinations)
kiya-ka throw
piya-ka break , bite, cut
pangi-ka scratch , dig
wayi-ka search for
3rd conjugation (6 roots) -ngka a,u-final stem
| 3a
| 3b
|
| 'see' | 'cry' | 'chase'
|
IMP | nyangka | lungka
| kapu(ng)ka
|
PAST | nyangu | lungu |
|
PRES
|
nyanganya
|
lungunya
|
|
FUT
|
nyanyi
|
linyi
|
|
POT
|
nyanya
|
linya
|
|
INF
|
nyanyja
|
linyja
|
|
3a
ka-ngka take
nya-ngka see, look
3b
lu-ngka cry , howl
pu-ngka act on, kill
kapu-ngka chase, follow, track
jutpu-ngka run
yu-ngka give
4th conjugation (1 root)
| 4
|
| 'eat' |
IMP | nganyja
|
PAST | ngarnu
|
PRES
|
ngarninya
|
FUT
|
nganmi
|
POT
|
nganma
|
INF
|
ngarnin(y)ja
|
nga-nyja eat (extends to drink )
5th conjugation (4 roots)
| 5
| INCEPTIVES
|
| 'fall' | 'go fall'
| 'go carry'
|
IMP | wanta | wanjirra
| kanyjarra
|
PAST | wanu | winjinu
| kanyjanu
|
PRES
|
wannya
|
wanjinya
| kanjanya
|
FUT
|
wanmi
|
wanjin(mi)
| kanyjan(mi)
|
POT
|
wanma
|
wanjinma
| kanjanma
|
INF
|
wanja
|
|
|
ma-nta get , take
wa-nta fall , drop
-ya-nta go (only in combinations)
Return to 1979 vocabulary introduction
Return to Warlmanpa page
Last changed 10 February 2012; corrections 11 November 2017, 25 July 2018
© 2012 David Nash
URL http://www.anu.edu.au/linguistics/nash/aust/wpa/wpa-verbs.html